The Zionist movement was founded by Theodore Herzl in late 19th century and promoted the establishment of an independent Jewish state in Israel.
At the time, Jewish people lived all over the world, particularly in European countries, the United States and Russia, ad yet some called for Jews to return to the area around Jerusalem, which they considered their spiritual homeland.
In 1917, the British government issued the Balfour Declaration, offering support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
Jewish immigration increased rapidly in the 1930s as thousands of Jews fled Nazi persecution. On 14 May 1948, Israel was established as the Jewish homeland and over 40 per cent of the world's Jews now live there.
info: Theodore Herzl died more than 40 years before the creation of the state of Israel.
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